35mm film
35mm film cameras came about in 1889 and are most commonly used to make films. They are traditional cameras which produce high quality films. The 35mm film refers to the film stock is projected on. Essentially, a picture is taken on each little frame and they run through a canister-
(each little frame)
(canisters)(seen above), at such a high speed, and it is all pieced together. The sound is embedded in the reels in a way that can only be decoded by editing computers and the actual cameras themselves. Films produced on 35mm film cameras are projected in the same aspect ratio as digital cameras, and many directors prefer 35mm film to digital cameras despite the higher.
The film is developed in labs.
35mm film cameras are still very commonly used due to their high quality.
eg. the most recent Star Wars film was shot on 35mm.
Advantages for the film companies-
- 35mm film cameras don't rely on batteries as much as digital, producers can shoot for long periods of time.
- The quality is better than digital
- Technology is not needed for editing
Advantages for the audience-
- better quality than digital, makes the audience watching it a more enjoyable experience
Disadvantages for the film companies-
- The cameras are extremely big- their heavy and big in size. (This makes it hard to travel)
- Have to shoot the scene many times, most producers use a 10:1 ratio (film the scene 10 times even though only 1 will be used) which makes the film production process more expensive.
- Can't watch the film back there and then, have to transport it onto material where it can be watched and edited (digital can be watched and re shot straight away)
- Can affect profit on the film
Digital Video Cameras
Digital video cameras came around in the early 2000s by Sony. In 2003 the need of tape in video recordings was eliminated completely, and now days film makers use high end professional digital video cameras for film production.
These cameras require batteries and they capture motion picture information from live environments and then puts it in a format that can be decoded into electronic visual media. The videos produced are stored on memory cards and edited on technology.
These are different from film cameras because the recording can be seen there as you can see what you are recording on the screen. If a director or producer does not like something, it can be re done there and then.
Many film companies use digital video cameras today because they are cheaper in the long run than film, and are extremely easy to use.
Advantages to the production companies-
- lighter than film cameras and easy to transport
- the memory cards used where the videos are stored can store more images than a dozen rolls of film, and memory cards don't require much physical space
- images can be viewed immediately
- can edit images straight away in camera
Disadvantages to audience-
- not as good quality as film
Disadvantages to production companies-
- requires computer skills
- need batteries
- digital storage can sometimes get lost
70mm Film
70mm is similar to 35mm except the format of 70mm has larger frames in size and a wider aspect ratio. This makes the film better quality and more detailed. Everyone thinks it is a new film technology but it actually came about in the 1950's/60s, its just not used as much due to the high price.
Advantages to film company-
- The film might get better reviews and more publicity because of the good quality- more revenue
Disadvantages to film company-
- Not as many cinemas are interested in buying these films due to the cost and the fact that each reel is twice as heavy as 35mm reels.
- The film may be a loss leader if the film is put in a cinema where it wont sell because of the higher price of sale tickets.
- affect profit
Advantages to audience-
- 'crisper, brighter' image. It allows audience to see details they may have not noticed before.
Disadvantages to the audience-
- tickets at the cinema may charge a higher price
For example, Wonder Woman was filmed on 70mm IMAX-
(IMAX is explained further on)
Film Marketing Technology
Facebook & Twitter (+ other social media platforms)
Social media is used globally, and messages can get across easily quickly to thousands of people.
Many people post reviews and opinions about films on social media such as twitter which can be good publicity for the film.
Twitter is good to use for films because posts can be retweeted and hashtags are also great to use to reach large audiences.
for example this review- it creates a good brand image for Warner Bros and is good publicity for the film, it will make people want to go watch Wonder Woman.
Wonder Woman also has its on twitter account with 376.9k followers where they post content to do with the film.
Snapchat has also used methods of publicity, for example when Wonder Woman was released, which targets a young audience and is fun.
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(people will want to use this filter to look like Gal Gadot and putting a crown above her head portrays her as a role model and someone to look up to)
Distribution is...
Making the film available to exhibitors, raising awareness and demand through marketing.
Exhibitors include...
Netflix
Netflix do deals of 50/50 with film production companies. This means that Netflix would get 50% of profit made and the production company would get the other 50%
Netflix is available worldwide however have different content available in different countries eg the film Tank 432 was available on Netflix USA but not on Netflix UK.
Advantages of Netflix
- Netflix has become increasingly popular over the last 10 years. Many people turn to streaming sites instead of TV boxes with channels now days. This is good for Netflix because their gaining a larger audience because people can type in what they want to watch instead of having to sit through adverts and watch TV programmes they aren't interested in.
- contracts can be made
- Production companies can choose to put a film on for a certain amount of time to make it "limited edition" therefore making people want to watch it before it is removed. (This is what Tank 432 did, they were on Netflix USA for a number of weeks)
- This is also good for production companies because they're reaching a large audience
Disadvantages of Netflix
(to production companies)
- Netflix charge a fee to production companies to have their film put up, and also take a share of the profit.
Netflix is just one example of a subscription streaming service. There are many others such as Amazon Prime Video, HBO, Hulu... which all have the same concept.
Video Upload Websites
These are all illegally copied and are free of charge for the audience.
Production companies can lose large amounts of money, for example Warner Brothers lost $1BILLION to the piracy of Wonder Woman.
Some examples of illegal websites include 123movies, Putlocker, tinyzone...
These websites usually get shut down but people continue to make new ones.
Large conglomerates have the rights to sue if they find out who has done this because they have the ability to go to court, do the legal cases... However, smaller production companies such as Belstone Pictures aren't able to do this because of finances.
IMAX
IMAX is a film format with a system of high resolution cameras, film projectors, and cinemas having a very large screen that 'curves' round the audience to immense them in the action.
IMAX CAMERA-
The difference between IMAX screens and standard screens is that IMAX is 6 times larger.
Sound- IMAX has a 15000 watt digital speaker with a wider frequency response. There are special sound engineers in creating these speakers with powerful sound which make going to the cinema more enjoyable for the audience.
Most IMAX movie theatres use a high-powered laser light engine. Unlike the traditional xenon lamps, IMAX lasers have a twin 4K proprietary digital projectors to light the huge screen, which gives a clear and vivid showing in the cinema.
(this source of information is from a website about IMAX screens)
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